Oracle在创建实例的时候，多数采用的是dbca的形式。。其实手动建库可以提供更大的自由发挥的空间，根据情况进行定制
登录Oracle用户
指定SID（Instance Identifier）
export ORACLE_SID=OCM
确保必须的环境变量已经设置，大多数平台上 ORACLE_SID 和 ORACLE_HOME 必须设置
export ORACLE_SID=OCM export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
选择 DBA 的认证方式
1. 密码文件： password file 2. 操作系统认证
在 ORACLE_HOME/dbs 下创建静态参数文件（Initialization Parameter File）也就是initSID文件（）
提前把init文件中的文件夹建好替换
db_name='ORCL' memory_target=1G processes = 150 audit_file_dest=' /admin/orcl/adump' audit_trail ='db' db_block_size=8192 db_domain='' db_recovery_file_dest=' /flash_recovery_area' db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle' dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)' open_cursors=300 remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' control_files = (ora_control1, ora_control2) compatible ='11.2.0' 连上实例（Instance）
1. 密码文件： $ sqlplus /nolog SQL> CONNECT SYS AS SYSDBA 如果没有创建口令文件，随意数据密码均能连接 2. 操作系统认证： $ sqlplus /nolog SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
创建SPFILE
SQL> CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE;
启动实例到NOMOUNT
SQL> startup nomount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes Fixed Size 2235208 bytes Variable Size 616563896 bytes Database Buffers 444596224 bytes Redo Buffers 5541888 bytes
执行创建数据库的语句（提前建好文件夹）
替换密码sys_password替换UNDO表空间的名称CREATE DATABASE ORCL USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY sys_password USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY system_password LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01a.log','/u02/logs/orcl/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02a.log','/u02/logs/orcl/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03a.log','/u02/logs/orcl/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512 MAXLOGFILES 5 MAXLOGMEMBERS 5 MAXLOGHISTORY 1 MAXDATAFILES 100 CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8 NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16 --或者NATIONAL CHARACTER SET UTF8 --选用NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8会报错 EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE DEFAULT TABLESPACE users DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1 TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1 DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;创建数据字典视图
用 SYSDBA 权限执行@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql用 SYSTEM 用户执行@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
至此数据库安装完毕
查看数据库状态
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;OPEN_MODE--------------------READ WRITE1 row selected.
删除数据库
SQL> startup nomount;ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytesFixed Size 2235208 bytesVariable Size 620758200 bytesDatabase Buffers 440401920 bytesRedo Buffers 5541888 bytesSQL> alter database mount exclusive;Database altered.SQL> alter system enable restricted session;System altered.SQL> drop database;Database dropped.Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
通过DBCA创建数据库
登录oracle用户
输入 dbca 进行安装
过程略
打开闪回和归档。 闪回模式允许我们回到数据库的更早的时刻。
sqlplus / as sysdba alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area' scope=spfile alter system set db_recovery_file_desc_size=2G SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE; STARTUP MOUNT; ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG; ALTER DATABASE FLASHBACK ON; ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
检查设置
sqlplus / as sysdba SELECT NAME, LOG_MODE, FLASHBACK_ON FROM V$DATABASE;
详细参考 oracle 官方文档 -> Oracle Database Administrator's Guide -> Creating and Configuring an Oracle Database ->